Plants of the southwestern coastal region of Louisiana

 

Salt (Saline) Marsh.  10.0 ppt and above

            Batis maritima L.                 saltwort; turtleweed

            Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene                         saltgrass; inland saltgrass

            Juncus roemarianus Scheele            needlerush; black rush

            Spartina alterniflora Loisel. smooth cordgrass

           

Brackish marsh.  3.5 to 10.0 ppt

Iva frutescens L.                         shrubby marsh alder; Jesuit's bark;

upper edges of brackish marsh

Lycium carolinianum Walt.             Christmas berry; Carolina desert-thorn;

upper edges of brackish marsh

            Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volk. ex Schinz & R. Keller 

chairmaker's bulrush

Scirpus americanus, Scirpus olneyi

            Spartina patens (Ait.) Muhl.               saltmeadow cordgrass

            Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene                         saltgrass; inland saltgrass

 

 

Intermediate marsh. 0.5 to 3.5 ppt.

Cladium mariscus (L.) Pohl ssp. jamaicense (Crantz) Kükenth.         

            Jamaica swamp sawgrass

Cladium jamaicense Crantz

            Echinochloa walteri (Pursh) Heller            Walter’s millet; coast cockspur grass

 

            Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.             common reed

            Sagittaria lancifolia L.               bulltongue arrowhead

            Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volk. ex Schinz & R. Keller  three-square rush

Scirpus americanus, Scirpus olnei E. & G.

            Schoenoplectus californicus (C.A. Mey.) Palla             California bulrush

                        Scirpus californicus (C.A. Mey.) Steud.

Schoenoplectus pungens (Vahl) Palla                 common threesquare

                        Scirpus pungens Vahl

            Schoenoplectus robustus (Pursh) M.T. Strong sturdy bulrush

                        Scirpus robustus Pursh

Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla            softstem bulrush

                        Schoenoplectus validus (Vahl) A.& D. Löve

                        Scirpus tabernaemontani K.C. Gmel.

                        Scirpus validus Vahl

 

            Setaria magna Griseb.             giant bristlegrass

            Typha latifolia L.             common cattail

 

            Miscellaneous:

                        Aster subulatus Michx.             saltmarsh aster

                        Aster tenuifolius L.             saline aster

                        Batis maritima L.            saltwort

                        Borrichia frutesens (L.) DC.            sea ox-eye daisy

 

                        Chloracantha spinosa (Benth.) Nesom             spiny chloracantha

                                                                                                devil-weed; spiny aster

                        Eustoma exaltatum (L.) Salisb. ex G. Don      catchfly prairie gentian

                        Hibiscus lasiocarpus Cav.     woolly rose mallow

                        Kosteletzyka virginica (L.) Gray            saltmarsh mallow

                        Rayjacksonia phyllocephala (DC.) R.L. Hartman & M.L. Lane                                                        camphor daisy

                        Salicornia bigelovii Torr.    Annual glasswort

                        Salicornia virginica L.                     creeping glasswort

                        Solidago sempervirens L.         seaside goldenrod

                        Suaeda linearis (Ell.) Moq.            seablight

                        Sesuvium maritimum (Walt.) BSP            sea purslane

                       

 

Pioneer emerging delta

            Baccharis halimifolia L.         eastern baccharis; saltbush

chairmaker's bulrush

Iva annua L.             annual marshelder

            Juncus effusus L.                     common rush

            Sagittaria latifolia Willd.             arrowhead

            Salix nigra L.                       black willow

            Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volk. ex Schinz & R. Keller 

            Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla            softstem bulrush

                        Schoenoplectus validus (Vahl) A.& D. Löve

Scirpus americanus, Scirpus olneyi, Scirpus robustus

                        Scirpus tabernaemontani K.C. Gmel.

                        Scirpus validus Vahl

            Typha latifolia L.            cattail

 

Freshwater marsh.  0.0 to 0.5 ppt

Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.  alligatorweed

            Cyperus spp.            flatsedges

            Eleocharis spp.            spikerushes

            Juncus effusus L.             soft-stem rush

            Juncus spp.      rushes

            Panicum hemitomon J.A. Schultes             maidencane

            Pontederia cordata L.             pickerelweed

            Rhynchospora spp.            beaksedges

            Sagittaria lancifolia L.               bulltongue arrowhead

            Sagittaria latifolia Willd.             arrowhead

            Thalia dealbata Fraser ex Roscoe             powdery alligator-flag; powdery thalia

            Typha latifolia L.            cattail

 

           

 

 

Aquatics:

            Floating aquatics:

                        Lemna (and other Lemnaceae)                  duckweeds

                        Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms             common water hyacinth

                        Ceratophyllum spp.            coontails

                        Utricularia spp.            Bladderworts

            *Azolla caroliniana Willd.   Carolina mosquitofern

*Salvinia minima Baker   water spangles

 

            Emersed and emergent aquatics:

                        Bacopa caroliniana (Walt.) B.L. Robins.             blue waterhyssop

                        Crinum americanum L.         seven sisters

                        Ipomoea sagittata Poir.             saltmarsh morning-glory

                        Nymphaea elegans Hook. Blue waterlilly

                        *Nymphaea mexicana Zucc.    yellow waterlily

                        *Nymphaea odorata Ait.             American white waterlily

                        Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L. f.                  floating marshpennywort

                        *Nelumbo lutea Willd.             American lotus

*Limnobium spongia (Bosc) L.C. Rich. ex Steud.   frogbit; spongeplant

                        *Pontederia cordata L.             pickerelweed

                        Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.             alligatorweed

                        *Polygonum spp.            smartweeds

                        *Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx.             swamp smartweed

                        *Ludwigia spp.                        water primroses

                        Ludwigia uruguayensis (Camb.) Hara             Uruguayan primrose-willow

                        Sagittaria spp.                        arrowheads; bultongues

                        Sagittaria lancifolia L.             bulltongue arrowhead

                        Sagittaria latifolia Willd.             broadleaf arrowhead

Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertn.             chickenspike

                        *Brasenia schreberi J.F. Gmel.             watershield

                        Nymphoides aquatica (J.F. Gmel.) Kuntze             big floatingheart

                        Nymphoides cordata (Ell.) Fern.             little floatingheart

                        Typha latifolia L.?            cattail

                        *Typha domingensis Pers.             southern cattail

                        Cyperus spp.            flatsedges

                        Rhynchospora             beaksedges

                        Eleocharis            spikesedges

                        Vigna luteola (Jacq.) Benth.             hairypod cowpea

 

            Submersed aquatics:

                        Najas guadalupensis (Spreng.) Magnus             southern waternymph

                        Myriophyllum spp.             watermilfoil

                        Heteranthera limosa (Sw.) Willd. blue mudplantain

                        Hydrilla verticillata (L. f.) Royle             hydrilla; waterthyme

                        Egeria densa Planch.             egeria; Brazilian waterweed

                        Ceratophyllum spp.            coon’s tail; hortworts

*Ottelia alismoides (L.) Pers.             ducklettuce

                        Proserpinaca spp.             mermaidweed

                        Potamogeton spp.                  pondweed

                        *Vallisneria americana Michx.                        American eelgrass

*Cabomba caroliniana Gray            Carolina fanwort

 

Dune plants:

            Eragrostis secundiflora J. Presl ssp. oxylepis (Torr.) S.D. Koch    red lovegrass

            Panicum amarum Ell. var. amarum             bitter panicgrass

            Salicornia bigelovii Torr.    Annual glasswort

            Salicornia virginica L.                     creeping glasswort

            Sesuvium maritimum (Walt.) B.S.P.             slender seapurslane

            Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L.             shoreline seapurslane

            Sporobolus virginicus (L.) Kunth             seashore dropseed

            Uniola paniculata L.             seaoats

 

Woody plants:

Trees:

Quercus virginiana P. Mill.             live oak; Cheniers and bayous

Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd.            sweet acacia;

            Acacia smallii Isely

Celtis laevigata Willd.               Sugarberry; Cheniers and bayous

 

Ferns:

*Azolla caroliniana Willd.   Carolina mosquitofern

*Salvinia minima Baker   water spangles

 

 

Shrubs:

*Baccharis halimifolia L.             eastern baccharis; saltbush; widespread

*Iva frutescens L.                         shrubby marsh alder; Jesuit's bark;

upper edges of brackish marsh

Lycium carolinianum Walt.             Christmas berry; Carolina desert-thorn;

upper edges of brackish marsh

 

Grasses (Poaceae):

Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene                         saltgrass; inland saltgrass

Echinochloa walteri (Pursh) Heller             Walter’s millet; coast cockspur grass

*Echinochloa muricata (Beauv.) Fern.?    rough barnyardgrass

Eragrostis secundiflora J. Presl ssp. oxylepis (Torr.) S.D. Koch              red lovegrass

Panicum amarum Ell. var. amarum             bitter panicgrass

*Panicum repens L.  torpedo grass

*Paspalum vaginatum L.             seashore paspalum

Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.             common reed

*Sacciolepis striata (L.) Nash American cupscale

Setaria magna Griseb.             giant bristlegrass

Spartina alterniflora Loisel.             smooth cordgrass

Spartina cynosuroides (L.) Roth             big cordgrass;

Spartina patens (Ait.) Muhl.               saltmeadow cordgrass

Spartina spartinae (Trin.) Merr. ex A.S. Hitchc.             gulf cordgrass

Sporobolus virginicus (L.) Kunth              seashore dropseed

Sporobolus virginicus (L.) Kunth             seashore dropseed

Uniola paniculata L.             seaoats

            Zizaniopsis miliacea (Michx.) Doell & Aschers.             giant cutgrass

 

 

Sedges (Cyperaceae):

*Cladium mariscus (L.) Pohl ssp. jamaicense (Crantz) Kükenth.             Sawgrass

*Cladium jamaicense Crantz

            Cyperus spp.            flatsedges

*Cyperus articulatus L.   jointed flatsedge

*Cyperus haspan L.   haspan flatsedge

*Cyperus strigosus L.   strawcolored flatsedge

 

            Eleocharis            spikesedges

            *Eleocharis quadrangulata (Michx.) Roemer & J.A. Schultes

squarestem spikerush

            Rhynchospora             beaksedges    

*Rhynchospora corniculata (Lam.) Gray   shortbristle horned beaksedge

*Rhynchospora inundata (Oakes) Fern.  narrowfruit horned beaksedge

            Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volk. ex Schinz & R. Keller    chairmaker's bulrush

Scirpus americanus, Scirpus olneyi, Scirpus robustus

            *Schoenoplectus californicus (C.A. Mey.) Palla             California bulrush

*Scirpus californicus (C.A. Mey.) Steud.

Schoenoplectus pungens (Vahl) Palla                 common threesquare

                        Scirpus pungens Vahl

            Schoenoplectus robustus (Pursh) M.T. Strong sturdy bulrush

                        Scirpus robustus Pursh

            Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla            softstem bulrush

                        Schoenoplectus validus (Vahl) A.& D. Löve

                        Scirpus tabernaemontani K.C. Gmel.

                        Scirpus validus Vahl

Rushes (Juncaeae):

            Juncus roemarianus Scheele            needlerush; black rush

 

Sunflowers; composites (Asteraceae):

 

            Aster subulatus Michx.             saltmarsh aster

            Aster tenuifolius L.             saline aster

            *Baccharis halimifolia L.             eastern baccharis; saltbush; chairmaker's bulrush

            Borrichia frutesens (L.) DC.            sea ox-eye daisy

            Chloracantha spinosa (Benth.) Nesom             spiny chloracantha

                                                                                    devil-weed; spiny aster

Iva annua L.             annual marshelder

*Iva frutescens L.                         shrubby marsh alder; Jesuit's bark;

            Rayjacksonia phyllocephala (DC.) R.L. Hartman & M.L. Lane             camphor daisy

            Solidago sempervirens L.         seaside goldenrod

 

 

Heteranthera limosa (Sw.) Willd.

blue mudplantain

 

 

Ludwigia uruguayensis (Camb.) Hara

Uruguayan primrose-willow