BIOL 3090 study guide Chapter 21

Chapter 21

21.1 Nerve cell structure

Know the parts of a neuron - Cell body, dendrite and axon

What is a synapse?

Figures 21-1, 21-4, 21-5

21.2 action potential

Electric potential, ion channels

What is an action potential?

voltage-gated channels

unidirectional conductance of the action potential

How do myelin sheaths improve conductance?

Figures 21-7, 21-8,  21-9, 21-12, 21-13, 21-14, 21-18

21.3 Voltage-gated ion channels

Shaker mutant, Structure of voltage-gated K⁺ channels

How are ion channels selective?

Figures 21-22, 21-23, 21-24, 21-25, 21-26

Look at Figure 21-13 again!

21.4 Neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitters are in vesicles

Ca⁺⁺ influx triggers vesicle fusion Figure 21-29

Syntaxin, synaptotagmin, VAMP - know what these proteins do Figure 21-31

Acetycholine can excite or inhibit a target cell

Neurotransmitters can be taken back up or degraded to terminate the signal

multiple signals can be integrated (Figure 21-34)

Figures 21-29, 21-31, 21-32, 21-34

21.5 Types of signals

Ligand-gated channels 

G-protein mediated responses

Figures 21-37, 21-41

21.6  Sensory transduction

Understand how light polarizes rod cells

There are many G-protein coupled odor receptors

Figures 21-43, 21-44, 21-45, 21-46, 21-47, 21-48, 21-50

21.7 - nothing

Questions 1-4, 11-13