Summary 11

 

1. Understanding of how cell division functions in reproduction, growth, and repair.  

2. Understanding of the structural organization of the genome.  

3. Understanding of the major events of cell division that enable the genome of one cell to be passed on to two daughter cells.  

4. Understanding of how the chromosome number changes throughout the human life cycle.

5. Understanding of the phases of the cell cycle and describe the sequence of events that occurs during each phase.  

6. Understanding of the phases of mitosis and describe the events characteristic of each phase.  

7. Understanding of the spindle apparatus, including centrosomes, kinetochore microtubules, nonkinetochore microtubules

8. Understanding of the differences in cytokinesis in animals and plants.  

 

 

Summary 12

 

1. Understanding of the differences between asexual and sexual reproduction.

2.  Understanding of binary fission

3. Understanding of which cells are the result of meiosis and mitosis; and which cells are haploid.  

4. Understanding of the phases of meiosis I and meiosis II and the events characteristic of each phase

5. Understanding of the process of synapsis during prophase I and explain how genetic recombination occurs.  

6. Understanding of the key differences between mitosis and meiosis

7. Understanding of how the end result of meiosis differs from that of mitosis.

8. Understanding of how independent assortment, crossing over, and random fertilization contribute to genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms.  

 

Summary 13

 

1. Understanding of how observations by Mendel differed from the blending theory of inheritance.

2. Understanding of true breeding, hybridization, monohybrid cross, P generation, F1 generation, and F2 generation.

3. Understanding of hypothesis that led the law of segregation.

4. Understanding of how to use a Punnett square

5. Understanding of how to predict the results of a monohybrid cross and the phenotypic and genotypic ratios of the F2 generation.

6. Understanding of the difference between the following pairs of terms: dominant and recessive; heterozygous and homozygous; genotype and phenotype.

7. Understanding of how a testcross can be used to determine if a dominant phenotype is homozygous or heterozygous.

8. Understanding of to predict the results of a dihybrid cross and state the phenotypic and genotypic ratios of the F2 generation.

9. Understanding of Mendel's law of independent assortment.

10. Understanding of the rule of multiplication to calculate the probability that a particular F2 individual will be homozygous recessive or dominant.

11. Understanding of the use of the rule of addition to calculate the probability that a particular F2 individual will be heterozygous.

12. Understanding of the use of the laws of probability to predict from a trihybrid cross between two individuals.

13. Understanding of incomplete dominance.

14. Understanding of co-dominance.

15. Understanding of the inheritance of the ABO blood system.

16. Understanding of pleiotropy and epistasis.

17. Understanding of polygenic inheritance.

18. Understanding of how environmental conditions can influence the phenotypic expression of a character.

 

 

Summary 14

 

1. Understanding of the chromosome theory of inheritance.

2. Understanding of linked genes

3. Understanding of why the inheritance of linked genes is different from independent assortment.