Summary 1
1 Hierarchy of structural levels in biology
2 Properties of life
3 Science as a process
4 Scientific method
1 Distinguish between an element and a compound.
2 Identify the four elements that make up 96% of living
matter.
3 Describe the structure of an atom.
4 Understanding of atomic number, mass number, atomic
weight, and valence and relationship to atomic structure.
5 Understanding of nonpolar
covalent, polar covalent, and ionic bonds.
6 Understanding of chemical equilibrium.
1 Understanding of the structure and
geometry of a water molecule, and the properties that emerge as a result of
this structure.
2 Understanding of the relationship
between the polar nature of water and its ability to form hydrogen bonds.
3 Understanding of the significance of the
cohesiveness of water.
4 Understanding of water's high specific
heat.
5 Understanding of water’s expansion upon
freezing.
6 Understanding of a solute, a solvent,
and a solution.
7 Understanding of how the polarity of the
water molecule makes it a versatile solvent.
8 Understanding of difference between hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances.
9 Understanding of dissociation of water molecules
10 Understanding of the basis for the pH scale.
11 Understanding of how acids and bases
directly or indirectly affect the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.
12 Understanding of how buffers work.
1 Understanding of carbon's electron configuration and the
kinds and numbers of bonds that carbon will form.
2 Understanding of how carbon skeletons
may vary and the diversity of organic molecules.
3 Understanding of the three types of isomers: structural,
geometric, and enantiomer.
4 Understanding of the major functional groups and the
chemical properties of the organic molecules in which they occur.
1 Understanding of how monomers are used to build polymers.
2 Understanding of condensation and hydrolysis.
3 Understanding of the distinguishing characteristics of carbohydrates and how they are classified.
4 Understanding of the difference between monosaccharides and disaccharides.
5 Understanding of a glycosidic linkage how it is formed.
6 Understanding of the structure and functions of polysaccharides.
7 Understanding of what distinguishes lipids from other major classes of macromolecules.
8 Understanding of the properties of the three important groups of lipids: fats, phospholipids, and steroids.
9 Understanding of the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated fat
10 Understanding of the four major components of an amino acid.
11 Understanding of how amino acids may be grouped according to the physical and chemical properties of the side chains.
12 Understanding of what a peptide bond is and how it is formed.
13 Understanding of primary structure of a protein
14 Understanding of the two types of secondary protein structure and the role of hydrogen bonds in maintaining the structure
15 Understanding of the interactions involved in tertiary protein structure.
16 Understanding of denaturation
and explain how proteins may be denatured.
17 Understanding of the characteristics that distinguish nucleic acids
18 Understanding of the components of a nucleotide, and describe how these monomers are linked to form a nucleic acid.
19 Understanding of the difference between a pyrimidine and a purine
NOTE #19 MAY ACTUALLY
BE IN THE EXAM 6 PORTION INSTEAD