Relative plant diversity
 
Archaefructus
 
Limiting factor in Bryophyte and Pteridophyte reproduction
 
Limiting factor in Gymnosperm reproduction
 
Relative cost efficiency in Gymnosperm reproduction
 
Advantage of flowers
 
Mode of pollination in most Angiosperms
 
Difference between pollination and fertilization
 
Key points in Angiosperm reproduction (Fig. 31.6)
 
Polar nucleii and egg cell (Fig. 31.6)
 
Double fertilization (Fig. 31.6)
 
Importance of double fertilization
 
Mature pollen grain
 
Pollen tube
 
Development of fruit (Fig. 31.8i)
 
Reasons why Angiosperms are successful
 
Nectaries
 
Benefits of pollination
 
Attracting diurnal and nocturnal pollinators
 
Assisted seed dispersal
 
Pollinia
 
Bucket orchid
 
Tropical fig pollination
 
Pseudocopulation
 
Hammer orchid
 
Dead horse arum lily
 
Amorphophallus titanum