S Prereq.: CHEM 2262, MATH 1552, and PHYS.

F -E Prereq.: BIOL 1202 and 1209. BIOL 2153 recommended. Also offered as ENTM 4015.

Prereq.: 12 sem. hrs of Entomology or Biological Sciences; 1 yr. of Organic Chemistry or Biochemistry. 2 hrs lecture; 3 hrs. lab. Also offered as ENTM 4016.

1 hr. lecture; 4 hrs. lab; extended field trips. Also offered as RNR4020. Field service fee. Taxonomy, ecology, distribution, and economic significance of wetland plants in Louisiana.

Prereq.: BIOL 1202 and 1209. 2 hrs lecture; 4 hrs. lab. Structure and development of vasscular plants; emphasis on seed plants.

Prereq.: BIOL 1202 and 1209. 2 hrs lecture; 4 hrs. lab. Field service fee. Phylogenetic survey of plant form and development among vascular plants from ferns and related forms through gymnosperms and angiosperms.

Prereq.: BIOL 1202 and 1209. 2 hrs lecture; 4 hrs. lab. Principles of identification, classification, and nomenclature; their applocation to select groups of vascular plants.

Prereq.: BIOL 4041 or equivalent. 1 hr. conference; 4 hrs. lab. Individual instruction; student responsible for selecting a plant taxonomy project related to interests.

Prereq.: BIOL 1202 and 1209. 2 hrs lecture; 4 hrs. lab. Also offered as OCS 4052. Field service fee. Freshwater and marine algae, including morphology, biology, ecological role, and economic significance.

Prereq.: BIOL 1202 and 1209. 3 hrs lecture; 3 hrs. lab. Same as PLHL 4054. Developmental morphology, taxonomy, and adaptive strategies of fungi; interactions of fungi with plants and animals.

Prereq.: BIOL 1202 and 1209. 2 hrs lecture; 4 hrs. lab. Two Saturday field trips. Major plant groups and communities of Louisiana and the Gulf region; field and laboratory identification, natural history, ecology, environmental issues relating to natural vegetation, and conservation of natural areas.

Prereq.: BIOL 1202 and 1209. 2 hrs lecture; 4 hrs. lab. Field service fee. Lichen and bryophyte morphology, physiology, ecology, and systematics; practice in identification.

F, S, Su Prereq.: BIOL 2153 and CHEM 2262 or 2462.Credit will not be given for BIOL 4087 and either 4093 or 4094. Cellular macromolecules; production and utilization of energy by the cell; major metabolic pathways and their control; molecular biology.

See OCS 4090.

F Prereq.: BIOL 2153 and CHEM 2262 or 2462. Credit will not be given for BIOL 4087 and either 4093 or 4094. Structure and function of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and carbohydrates; enzymology; respiration.

S Prereq.: BIOL 4093. Credit will not be given for BIOL 4087 and either 4093 or 4094. Metabolic pathways; nucleic acid structure; flow of genetic information; regulation of gene expression; recombinant DNA.

Prereq.: BIOL 3090 and 3156, permission of department. 2 hrs lecture; 6 hrs. lab. Morphological basis of function im mammalian tissues and organs.

F, S Prereq.: BIOL 2153. Biology og animal parasites; emphasis on important human parasites.

F, S Prereq.: credit or concurrent enrollment in BIOL 4105. 3hrs. lab. Field and laboratory investigations in parasitology.

F, S Prereq.: BIOL 2051 and CHEM 2261 or 2461. Concepts of bacterial nutrition, metabolism, adaptation, and genetics, as related to growth and environment.

Prereq.: Cedit or concurrent registration in BIOL 4110. 6 hrs. lab. Laboratory techniques used to study growth, metabolism, and cellular control of micro-organisms.

F Prereq.: BIOL 2051. BIOL 3090 recommended. Molecular and cellular basis of innate and cell-mediated immunity.

S Prereq.: BIOL 4123. Survey of pathogenic organisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites; host responses to pathogens.

Prereq.: BIOL 2051. Biology of bacteria and archaea; evolution, diversity assesment, systematics, ecology; emphasis on molecular approaches.

S Prereq.: BIOL 4125 and consent of instructor. 1 hr. lecture; 6 hrs. lab. Classical and molecular methods used to study microbial diversity.

S Prereq.: BIOL 4123 and concurrent enrollment or credit in BIOL 4124. Laboratory methods of immunology and microbial pathogenic biology.

F Prereq.: BIOL 2153, and 4087 or 4093. Molecular genetics, primarily in higher eukaryotes; gene structure and packaging in chromosomes; gene transcription and mRNA processing; translation; gene regulation; genetics in development; genetics of cancer; immunogenetics; genetic engineering in eukaryotes.

F Prereq.: BIOL 1202 and 1209. 2 hrs. lecture; 6 hrs. lab. Biology of mammals; origins, adaptive radiations, and ecology.

S Prereq.: BIOL 2153. 3 hrs. lecture; 3 hrs. lab and field work; permission of department. Field service fee. Biology of birds; emphasis on ecology, behaviour, and evolution.

F Prereq.: BIOL 1202 and 1209. 2 hrs. lecture; 6 hrs. lab and field work. Also offered as RNR 4145. Field service fee. Biology of fishes; evolution, classification, and ecology.

S Prereq.: BIOL 1202 and 1209. 2 hrs. lecture; 6 hrs. lab and field work. Field service fee. Taxonomy and natural history of amphibians and reptiles.

Prereq.: BIOL 2051. 2 hrs. lecture; 4hrs. lab. Molecular biology, physiology, genetics, morphology, development, and taxonomy of the yeasts, molds, slime molds, algae, and protozoa.

Prereq.: BIOL 1202 and 1209. 3 hrs. lecture; 3 hrs. lab. Molecular biology. physiology, genetics, morphology, development, and taxonomy of the yeasts, molds, slime molds, algae, and protozoa.

Prereq.: BIOL 2153. 3 hrs. lecture; 3 hrs. lab. Field service fee. Biology of the invertebrates; phylogeny, functional morphology.

Prereq.: BIOL 2153. Physiological adaptations of animals to physical and chemical parameters of the environment.

Prereq.: credit or concurrent enrollment in BIOL 4155 or equivalent. 3 hrs. lab. Laboratory exercises in environmental physiology.

Prereq.: BIOL 2153 and CHEM 2262. 3 hrs. lecture; 3 hrs, lab. Physiological systems in cells and tissues.

F Prereq.: BIOL 2153 and CHEM 2262. Physiology of neural and hormonal regulation in vertebrates.

F, S Prereq.: BIOL 3090 or 4087 or 4093 and CHEM 2262 or 2462. Principles of vertebrate systems physiology; emphasis on mammalian systems.

F, S Prereq.: credit or concurrent enrollment in BIOL 4160 and EXST 2201. 3 hrs. lab. Laboratory exercises in systems physiology.

See FDSC 4162.

Prereq.: BIOL 4110 or equivalent. 2 hrs. lecture; 4 hrs lab. Microbes used in industrial processes such as production of chemicals, antibiotics, and vitamins.

Prereq.: BIOL 4024 or equivalent. 1 hr. lecture; 4 hrs. lab. Technique and practice in making permanent slides.

F, S Prereq.: BIOL 3090 or 4160, and CHEM 2262 or 2462. Principles of organization and function in nervous systems; molecular basis of behavior.

V Prereq.: BIOL 2051. Viruses and their host cells; biochemistry and molecular biology of viral infections.

Prereq.: senior standing or consent of instructor.

Prereq.: BIOL 2051 and 2153. Cellular morphogenesis in microorganisms and its control by dfferential gene expression; physiological changes during microbial differentiation; adaptive roles and practical applications.

Prereq.: Math 1550, 8 sem. hrs. of introductory biology. 2 hrs. lecture; 2 hrs. lab. Modelling of biological systems; design and analysis of biological experiments; presentation of data.

F,S Prereq.: BIOL 2051 and 2153. BIOL 4087 or 4093 recommended. Microbial genetic principles: mutation, conjugation, transformation, recombination, transduction, gene expression, molecular biology of bacteriophage and plasmids; recombinant DNA technology.

F,S Prereq.: BIOL 1202, 1209 and MATH 1552 or EXST 2201. Fundamental ecological principles governing the structure and function of populations, communities, and ecosystems; comparative habitat ecology.

F, S Prereq.: credit or registration in BIOL 4253. 3 hrs. lab. Field service fee. Laboratory exercises in ecology.

See AGRO 4056/EMS 4056.

Prereq.: BIOL 4110. 2 hrs. lecture; 4 hrs. lab.

Prereq.: BIOL 2153. Marine biology; ecology of benthic, planktonic, nektonic, estuarine, oceanic, coral, and mangrove communities emphasis on Louisiana's coastal environments.

Prereq.: credit or concirrent enrollment in BIOL 4262 or equivalent. 3 hrs. lab. Field service fee. Laboratory experiences in marine communities.

S Prereq.: BIOL 2153. 3 hrs. lecture; 3 hrs. lab. Students are responsible for personal exenses associated with mandatory field trips. Introduction to the field of animal behavior with emphasis on how research in this area is performed. Topics include physical, environmental, and physiological effects on behavior as well as possible evolutionary causes of present-day behaviors.

Prereq.: BIOL 2153 or equivalent. 3 hrs. lecture; 3 hrs. discussion/lab. Principles of microevolution; emphasis on genetic and ecological mechanisms relevant to process of evolution.

See OCS 4308

F, S Prereq.: credit or registration in BIOL 4087 or 4093. 1 hr. lecture; 6 hrs. lab. Techniques including chemistry of amino acids and proteins; purification, immunochemistry, kinetics of enzymes; protein biosynthesis; nucleic acid chemistry; properties and restriction mapping of plasmids and recombinant DNA; spectrophotometry, chromatography, electrophoresis, centrifugation, and radioisotope labelling.

S Prereq.: BIOL 2153 and 6 hrs. of biological sciences at the 4000 level or BIOL 4246 and 3 hrs. of biological sciences at the 4000 level. 1 hr. lecture; 4 hrs. lab. Current techniques used to genetically engineer microorganisms, study gene expression and DNA modification, and identify organisms by specific genetic alleles; computer analysis of DNA and protein sequences.

See PLHL 4444.

F, S Prereq.: BIOL 4087 or 4093, and CHEM 2262 or 2462. BIOL 3090 recommended. Molecular organization of eukaryotic cells; gene structure and function; molecular regulation of signal transduction and cel cycle.

Prereq.: BIOL 4087 or 4093 and BIOL 4001 or credit or registration in CHEM 3492. Theory and application of physical techniques to the study of biological macromolecules; spectroscopy (UV-VIS absorption and flourescence, circular dichroism, IR, NMR, X-ray diffraction); helix-coil theory; theories of ligand binding.

Su Prereq.: 16 hrs. of biology or zoology including one laboratory course numbered above 3000. See also RNR 4600. May be taken for a max. of 9 sem. hrs. of credit when topics vary. Courses to be offered vary from year to year; additional ingormation available from department. Intensive field study of a specific topic in marine zoology at the Louisiana Universitie's Marine Consortium field stations.

Su Prereq.: 12 hrs. in biological sciences, including some plant biology. Four weeks at Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, Ocean Springs, Mississipi.

Prereq.: 16hrs. of biological sciences and permission of department. May be taken for a max. of 6 sem. hrs. of credit when topics vary.

Prereq.: one year of biological sciences. 2 hrs. lecture; 4 hrs. lab. Student projects are required. Identification and natural history of native vegetation and plant communities of Louisiana.

Prereq.: BIOL 1001, 1002, 1005; or equivalent. May be taken for a max. of 6 sem. hrs. credit when topics vary. Specific areas of biological sciences; topics offered determined by recent advances in the field, needs of students, and availability of appropriate faculty.

Prereq.: BIOL 4253 or equivalent. Ecology, natural history, and biodiversity of tropical organisms, communities, and ecosystems, including plants, fungi, insects, reptiles, amphibians, birds, mammals, and fishes of tropical rain forests and tropical savannas.

F Prereq.: BIOL 3060, 4093, and 4094 or equivalent. See PLHL 7010.

See ENTM 7013.

See PLHL 7014.

See OCS 7020.

Prereq.: BIOL 4024 or equivalent. Analysis of meristematic activity and growth patterns in vascular plants; basis and mechanisms of differentiation and experimental studies of normal growth processes.

See PLHL 7032.

Prereq.: BIOL 2153 or AGRI 2072, and BIOL 4041; or equivalent. 3 hrs. lab. Fundamentals of natural variation and evolution; taxonomic features of plant variation.

Prereq.: BIOL 4041 or equivalent. 1 hr. lecture; 4 hrs. lab. Morphology, classification, identification, and economic importance of grasses and grasslike plants.

Prereq.: BIOL 4054 or equivalent. 3 hrs. lecture;3 hrs. lab. Same as PLHL 7056. Taxonomy, biology, and ecology of flagellated fungi and zygomycetes; ultrastructural morphology, genetics, and pathogenicity; collection, isolation, and identification of fungi from a variety of substrates and habitats.

See PLHL 7061.

See PLHL 7063.

Prereq.: BIOL 3060. Also offered as PLHL 7065. Priciples governing the transport of water, mineral nutrients, organic compounds and gases in plants; cellular through whole- plant levels of organization and physiological response.

Prereq.: consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit. Same as PLHL 7067. Mineral nutrition, metabolism, growth and development, and herbicides.

See PLHL 7068.

Prereq.: BIOL 4253 or equivalent. Also offered as ENTM 7080. Advanced topics emphasizing animals in population growth and regulation; life histories; foraging behaviour; agonism and territoriality; and group behavior.

Prereq.: BIOL 4153 or equivalent. Ecological processes of communities; predation, competition, mutualism, disturbance, succession, island biogeography, and diversity.

Prereq.: BIOL4253 or equivalent. Plant population dynamics, reproductive systems, life histories, competetion, niche theory, and interactions between plants and predators, pathogens, and symbionts.

Prereq.: 8 sem. hrs. of 4000-level biological science courses or equivalent; introductory statistics recommended. 3 hrs. lecture; 2 hrs. lab. Theoretical and empirical aspects of systematics and evolutionary biology.

Prereq.: consent of instructor. 2 hrs. lecture; 6 hrs. lab. and field work. Evolutionary basis of animal behavior.

Prereq.: consent of instructor. 2 hrs. lecture; 3 hrs. lab. and field work. Also offered as OCS 7317. Physical, chemical, and biological environmental factors affecting distribution of marine fauna; communities representative of each of the ecological subdivisions of the world's oceans treated with respect to species composition, food webs, and seasonal changes; human impact on the marine environment.

Prereq.: consent of instructor. 2 hrs. lecture; 3 hrs. lab. invertebrate-microbial interactions in aquatic food webs; ecological significance of mutualistic, parasitic, and commensal relationships.

Prereq.: consent of instructor. 3 hrs. lecture; 3 hrs. lab. Effects of salinity, temperature, and dissolved oxygen on the physiology of estuarine fauna.

V Prereq.: BIOL 4110 or equivalent. Structure of various microbial forms.

Prereq.: BIOL 3152. 2 hrs. lecture; 6 hrs. lab.

Prereq.: BIOL 2153 and consent of instructor. Mechanisms of mutation; methods of detecting mutations; comparisions of effect of mutagenic agents among various test organisms.

Prereq.: consent of instructor. 1 hr. lecture; 6 hrs. lab. Experiments with Drosophila melanogaster; study of genetic and cytological variations due to deficiencies, duplications, inversions, rings, translocations, transpositions, compound chromosomes, and Y derivatives; classical genetic loci and loci controlling electrophoretic mobility of enzymes and other proteins used; stocks synthesized to meet specific requirements for mutational and biochemical research.

Prereq.: BIOL 4110 and 4087 or 4093, or equivalent. Structure and function of energy transducing membrane proteins including bacteriorhodopsin, ATP synthase, cytochrome, oxidase, cytochrome b/c1 complexes, the bacterial reaction center, photosystem I and II and antennae pigment protein complexes.

Prereq.: BIOL 3156 or equivalent. 2 hrs. lecture; 6 hrs. lab. Field service fee. Classic and contemporary theory, techniques, experiments, and independent investigations concerning vertebrate and invertebrate development.

Prereq.: consent of instructor. 3 hrs. lecture; 3 hrs. lab. Molecular and physiological mechanisms adapting organisms to environmental factors; emphasis on adaptations permitting organisms to inhabit a diversity of environments.

Prereq.: 3 sem. hrs. of biochemistry or equivalent. 2 hrs. lecture; 6 hrs. lab.

V Prereq.: BIOL 4110 or equivalent. Microbial systematics and ecology; emphasis on morphology and physiology of the higher bacteria.

Prereq.: BIOL 4146, and either BIOL 4110 or 4094; or equivalent. Synthesis, activity, and interactions of various molecular components of microbial cells; macromolecules and their relationship to cellular function and heredity.

V Prereq.: credit or registration in BIOL 7280 or BIOL 7162. 1 hr. lecture; 6 hrs. lab. Methods in recombinant DNA procedures; isolation of DNA from prokaryotic or eukaryotic sources; DNA cloning; restriction mapping and DNA sequencing.

V Prereq.: credit or equivalent in BIOL 7163. 1 hr. lecture; 6 hrs. lab. Methods in recombinant DNA procedures; isolation of DNA from prokaryotic or eukaryotic sources; DNA cloning; restriction mapping and DNA sequencing.